

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism by V.I. Lenin, and
An Introduction To Marxist Economic Theory by Ernest Mandel.
Although I’ve read lots of excerpts and essays in ML literature, it happens that I never touched some of the most basic and influential works, especially in economics and political economy. I find Ernest Mandel’s introduction to be quite accessible and comprehensible. My goal is to take on Das Kapital eventually.
The socioeconomic policies of Assad jr. represented by the austerity measures and the espousal of neoliberalism is what led, to a great extent, to the uprising in the first place. I don’t have book recommendations, but I did find two interesting articles from a Marxist/leftist POV that discuss this exact matter, and which include a rich bibliography and citations that you can look through.
https://aljumhuriya.net/en/2017/09/21/socio-economic-roots-syrias-uprising/
https://www.rosalux.de/en/publication/id/39149/syria-the-social-origins-of-the-uprising